Introduction
Textiles have such a significant impact on our daily lives that everyone should know some basics about fibers and their properties.
textile fiber is used in a variety of applications such as blanket, warmth, personal decoration, and even the display of personal wealth.
Textile technology has come a long way to meet these demands. A basic knowledge of textile fibers will facilitate intelligent evaluation of fiber brand and type and help determine the right quality for the application.
This bulletin covers various textile fibers and their properties that are important for suitable textile applications.
Classification of fibers
Textile fibers can be broadly divided into two groups:
Natural fibers
Synthetic fibers
Natural fibers
Natural fibers are subdivided according to their origin as shown below.
See table below when available.
Fiber Name Source Ingredient
Vegetable
Cotton Cotton Ball Cellulose
Kapok Kapok Cellulose
Flax Cellulose from Flax Stalk
Cellulose from Jute Stalk
Hemp Hemp or Manila Cellulose 4 Shinagave 4 Cellulose Co4 and Abaca Cellulose 4 Shinagave 4 Cellulose R4 Cellulose 4 R4 Cellulose
Pineapple Leaf Cellulose
Animal
Wool Sheep Protein
Silk Protein
Hairy Animal Protein
Minerals
Asbestos Miscellaneous Rock Silicates Magnesium and Calcium
Synthetic Fibers as shown in the picture 4 Synthetic Fibers 4 as shown in picture 4 man -made 4 ingredients and origin.
Name of fiber source
Cellulose
Cotton rayon or wood linter
Cotton acetate or wood linter
Triacetate cotton or wood linter
Non-cellulosic polymers
Nylon
Acetate 4 Aliphatic polyamide 4 Polyamide ytrate 4 4 4 Polyamide ester4 4 1 4 1 4 Denatured Acrylonitrile Acrylonitrile
Polyurethane Polyurethane
Olefin Ethylene or Propylene
Vinyon Vinyl Chloride
Saran Vinylidene Chloride
Novoloid Phenyl Naphthol
Polycarbonate Carbonate (Polyester derivatives)
Profluoroethylene4,4 Fluorocarbonate4,4 etc
Rubber
Rubber Natural or synthetic rubber
Metal
Metal Aluminum, silver, gold, stainless steel
Mineral
Glass Silica Sand, limestone, other minerals
Ceramic Aluminum, silica
Graphite Carbon
1.
Natural Fiber
Cotton
Cotton is the most commonly used natural fiber in clothing and grows in a ball around the seed of the cotton plant. Simple fibers are elongated cells that are flat, twisted, hollow, and ribbon-like structures.
Performance
Medium to good resistance
Very little elasticity
Poor resilience, easy to crease
Comfortable and soft to the touch
Good water absorption
Good thermal conductivity
Damaged by insects, mold 4 Rot 4 Mite 4 Sun 4 Rot 4 Mopping 4 Increased use of textile products
Commonly used in woven and knitted garments
Home textiles – bath towels, bathrobes, bedspreads, etc.
Blended with other fibers such as rayon, polyester, spandex, etc. One expensive natural fiber, made from the flax plant.
Production is labor intensive, so production runs are small. However, linen is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.
is composed of 70% cellulose and 30% pectin, ash, woody tissue and moisture.
performance
strongest plant fiber
low elasticity, easy to wrinkle
relatively smooth, softer after washing
strong water absorption
good thermal conductivity, cool to the touch
shiny
brittle, 4 brittle, 4 brittle, 4 dam broken.
Resistance to moths and carpet beetles via mildew, sweat and bleach
