First Aid and CPR
Objectives of unit At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Recognize the different methods of first aid. 2. Give first aid. 3.Learn about CPR. 4. Perform CPR in an emergency. First aid. This ranges from initial intervention in serious cases, such as CPR while waiting for an ambulance, to full treatment of minor ailments, such as applying a dressing to a wound, before qualified medical help is available. .First aid is usually administered by a layman, many of us are trained to give basic first aid, while others are willing to try based on the information given to them. Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental health. There are many situations that may require first aid, and many countries have legislation, regulations or guidelines that provide a minimum level of first aid in certain situations. This may include specific training or equipment (such as automated external defibrillators) available in the work area, availability of professional first aid coverage at public gatherings, or basic first aid training at educational institutions . However, first aid does not necessarily require specific equipment or prior information, and may involve improvisation from material provided at the time, often by undisciplined people. Vital signs Good Bad Heart rate 60-100 BPM Less than 60 or more than 4 breaths 4 minutes 4 breaths 4 minutes 4 breaths 4 minutes 4 breaths 4 minutes asem 4 per minute 44Skin Warm, pink and dry Cool, pale and moist Consciousness Alert and oriented Drowsy or unconscious Awareness Assessment Action4 4 444 Aftercare4 4 444Note. Stop and help. Assess what needs to be done. Ask yourself, “Can I do this?” ». if you can. Call specialist medical help on. For your safety and that of bystanders. Once you have helped avictim, pleasestay with them until specialist care arrives White who provided first aid, always remember:. Preventing aggravation.Art quickly and confidently.60 minutes after Golden Hold-First crash. Platinum period – first 15 minutes after an accident. To prevent shock and asphyxia. Hemostasis.Undress victim. Regulate respiratory system. Avoid stress/overcrowding. Arrange to get victim to a safe place/hospital..One is to be calm and fearless.. Don’t overdo it. Remember that the person giving first aid is not a doctorSwell. Exposed feet. Correction of affected parts. Stabilize affected parts. Use fabric as braces.Use planks as slings . Carefully transfer victim to stretcher. Do not move affected part . Do not wash or examine injured burnt areas (see burn grade chart). Skin redness .Blisters on the skin . Scar. Headache/Convulsions. In case of electrical fire, disconnect power. In case of fire, use blanket/jacket for fire fighting.Extinguish fire with water . Remove any jewelry from affectedarea. Wash burns with water. Do not remove any clothing attached to burned skin, . Do not apply ice to burns .Do not cover burns with cotton Bleeding. Bruising . Visible blood loss . Spitting blood. Wounds/Scars.Hemorrhagic coma. Dizziness. Pale skin. Check victim’s breathing. Elevate wound above heart level.Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or hands. Remove any visible objects from the wound . Bandageimmediately after hemostasis. Do not clean the wound from the outside as directed. Do not apply too much pressure (no more than 15 minutes) .Do not give water to victims Heatstroke/SunStoke. High body temperature . Headache. Hot, dry skin . Nausea/burns.Coma. Remove victim to shade. Wet victim’s skin with sponge. Apply ice packs to victim’s neck, back and armpits if possible . Remove all jewelry from the affected area.Wash burn area with water. Do not allow people to congregate around victims. Do not give victim hot drink Lose consciousness. No member movement . No verbal responseor gesture. pale skin. Loosen neck, waistand chest clothes. Check breathing. Position victim’s legs above heart level. If victim is not breathing, perform CPR.Do not splash or slap the victim. Do not force anything to feed. Do not raise your head as this may block the airway First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns Fourth degree burns 4 444 Within 4 days 444 44 yourself. Required actions: Place under running water.Severe but heals in a few weeks.Actions Required: Place a clean, damp cloth over the burnt area.Very serious, requiring a skin graft. Required actions: Place a clean, dry cloth over the burnt area.Very serious, requiring years of plastic skin grafting and life threatening. ACTION REQUIRED: Stay open and prevent infection.(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation The circulation of oxygenated blood to the vital organs of a victim of cardiac arrest after the heartbeat and breathing have stopped Includes chest compressions and ventilations, as well as the use of Automated External DefibrillatorCompressionsCompressions: Partial CPR Yes Chest Compressions To ensure the best outcome for the patient, high quality CPR should be performed You will ensure high quality CPR by providing high quality chest compressions . The patient is on a firm, level surface to provide adequate pressure. In special non-health care facilities you can get it on the spot and in special care facilities you can get it on a stretcher or bed Find . The chest is exposed to ensure proper hand placement and the ability to see the back of the chest.. Hands are positioned correctly with the heel of one hand inside the center of the chest in the lower half of the sternum and the other hand on top.Most rescuers find that interlacing their fingers makes compressions easier while keeping the fingers away from the chest.. The arms are as straight as possible with the shoulders directly over the hands to create effective compression. Elbow lockout helps keep arms straight..Press at an appropriate rate of a minimum of 100 to a maximum of 120 compressions per minute and to the correct depth of at least two inches for an adult to promote adequate blood circulation.. The chest must be able to fully contract between compressions to allow blood to flow back to the heart after compressions..For adult colleagues, CPR consists of thirty chest compressions and two breaths. Perform CPR on an adultStep 1: Examine the scene for immediate dangerStep 2: Assess the victim’s consciousness.Step 3: Not checking pulseStep 4: Checking breathing. StepStep: 5: Place the victim on his back.Step 6: Place the heel of one hand on the victim’s sternum.Step 7: Place the second hand on the first.Step 8: Place the body directly on the hands. STEPSTEP 9: Perform thirty chest compressions.Step 10: Minimize pauses in chest compressions.– Step 11: Make sure the airway is clear.– …